Rendered PEM electrolyser stack. Illustrative.

HYDRA OS · Electrolyser performance intelligence

Electrolyser performance, with the uncertainty quantified.

HYDRA OS turns test and operating data into P10/P50/P90 estimates of efficiency, degradation and stack life, from short stack to full stack and from steady-state test to real operation. These are numbers lenders, insurers and independent engineers can build a business case on.

The economics

In electrolysis, electricity is the raw material.

Cell voltage decides how much of it each kilogram costs.

0.27 kWh/kg2additional electricity per kilogram of hydrogen for every 10 mV of cell voltage
≈ €384,000/yr3the cost of 20 mV at a 10,000 t/yr plant at €70/MWh. Derived, illustrative

Uncertainty is the real risk

A low figure can be priced. An uncertain one can't.

When evidence is thin, investors hesitate or assume the worst, sometimes planning stack replacements years earlier than the manufacturer expects.

Thin evidence means short stacks, steady-state tests, and months of data rather than years.

Representative by design

Three gaps between the test and the plant.

Scale-up. From short stack to full stack, including shunt currents in alkaline designs and current and thermal distribution.
Operating profile. From steady-state testing to fluctuating renewable operation, start/stop cycles and standby.
Time. From months of data to project lifetime: stabilisation, linear or accelerating degradation, with explicit scenario weights.

Physics you can inspect

Every millivolt has a physical cause.

Our electrochemical engine separates cell voltage into its contributions. Every output traces to a measurement, an equation and an uncertainty.

Reversible voltage Anode activation Cathode activation Ohmic losses Mass transport Illustrative PEM cell, high current density5

HYDRA OS at cell level

Every millivolt, attributed.

HYDRA OS separates each cell's voltage into kinetic, ohmic and transport losses and tracks each one over time. Catalyst loss, membrane ageing and transport limits stop hiding inside a single stack voltage.

HYDRA OS at cell level

Degradation as a distribution, not a guess.

From short-stack and steady-state evidence, HYDRA OS estimates how your cells will age at full scale and on your operating profile, as P10, P50 and P90, and states whether the trend looks linear or accelerating.

HYDRA OS at cell level

What each kilogram really costs.

Cell-level losses roll up into specific energy consumption, stack life and degradation-adjusted LCOH, each as a range with its sources, and with the evidence that would narrow it most.

From physics to evidence

Evidence your reviewers can check.

Reports structured the way independent engineers review them: KPIs on recognised definitions, an uncertainty budget, and every figure traced to its source.

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Illustrative render · generic PEM stack

In electrolysis, electricity is the raw material.

Largest single cost1

IRENA identifies electricity as the largest single cost component of green hydrogen production.

Cited
0.27 kWh/kg2

Additional electricity per kilogram of hydrogen for every 10 mV of cell voltage.

Derived
≈ €384,000/yr3

The annual cost of 20 mV for a plant producing 10,000 t/yr at €70/MWh.

Derived · illustrative

Run it with your own numbers

A low figure can be priced. An uncertain one can't.

When evidence is thin, investors hesitate or assume the worst, sometimes planning stack replacements years earlier than the manufacturer expects. Thin evidence here means short stacks, steady-state tests, and months of data rather than years. HYDRA OS quantifies the uncertainty, shows where it comes from, and identifies the evidence that would reduce it.

Scale-up

From short stack to full stack, including shunt currents in alkaline designs and current and thermal distribution.

Operating profile

From steady-state testing to fluctuating renewable operation, start/stop cycles and standby.

Time

From months of data to project lifetime: stabilisation, linear or accelerating degradation, with explicit scenario weights.

State-of-the-art degradation, 20204
TechnologyDegradation
Alkaline (AEL)0.12 %/1,000 h
PEM (PEMEL)0.19 %/1,000 h
Solid oxide (SOEL), at thermoneutral voltage1.9 %/1,000 h

The HYDRA OS product family.

HYDRA Assess

P10/P50/P90 performance, degradation and stack-life estimates from your test or operating data, with scale-up, operating-profile translation and an uncertainty budget. Available as an Evidence Pack for OEMs, or as TDD Support for developers and owners.

HYDRA Verify

Acceptance-test and guarantee verification, corrected to guarantee conditions, with a stated uncertainty and a clear verdict.

HYDRA Monitor

Continuous on-premise, read-only monitoring that narrows the uncertainty band as operating data accrues. Also covers data quality, early warning and stack planning.

HYDRA Review

The toolkit for independent engineers, lenders and insurers reviewing electrolyser performance.

From operating data to performance evidence.

  1. Connect

    Start with an export from your historian: no installation, no connection to your plant. For continuous monitoring, HYDRA OS reads data over OPC UA, Modbus or MQTT. It is read-only, on-premise, and never writes to control or safety systems.

  2. Normalise and attribute

    Our electrochemical engine checks data quality, finds steady-state operating windows, corrects to reference conditions and separates cell voltage into its physical contributions. Every output traces to a measurement, an equation and an uncertainty.

  3. Evidence

    You receive P10/P50/P90 estimates, KPIs on recognised definitions, an uncertainty budget, guarantee verdicts and the evidence that would most reduce the remaining uncertainty, in reports structured the way independent engineers review them. Language models may help draft the text. They never make the call.

We don't build electrolysers.

Polestar makes no electrolysers, stacks or components, and takes no commission from those who do. HYDRA OS is OEM-agnostic and works alongside your OEM's monitoring and service. That independence is the product.

Our commitments

  • No hardware sales.
  • No supplier commissions.
  • No writes to control or safety systems.
  • No use of customer data beyond the engagement.
  • No published figure without a source.

Built on recognised frameworks.

Our KPI definitions follow the conventions of DNV-RP-J302, Performance and testing of electrolyser systems. Our approach to model assurance references DNV's recommended practices on digital-twin and data-driven model assurance. Every tool on this site runs the same engine as HYDRA OS, with its method written out.

Security by architecture.

Read-only

No writes to control or safety systems.

On-premise or air-gapped

No cloud dependency.

Your data stays yours

NDA, deletion on completion, open export formats.

Continuity

Documented data model; source-code escrow on request.

Common questions.

Our OEM already monitors the stacks.

Keep it. HYDRA OS gives you an independent reading of the same data, which is what lenders, insurers and warranty discussions call for.

Is it safe to connect this to our plant?

HYDRA OS is read-only and advisory. It never writes to control or safety systems. Assessments need no connection at all, only an export.

Our data is confidential.

It stays on your site, or with us under NDA during an assessment, and it is deleted afterwards with written confirmation.

How do we know the numbers are right?

Every KPI follows a published definition, every figure carries its uncertainty, and every report records the data quality and the engine version used.

This asset runs for 20 years or more.

Open export formats, a documented data model and source-code escrow on request. Your evidence stays usable whatever happens.

Start with an assessment.

Send us an export. Our team returns verified KPIs, degradation rates and a clear view of where your voltage goes, typically within weeks.

Sources and definitions6 notes · IRENA, Clean Hydrogen Partnership, derived figures
  1. CitedIRENA, Green Hydrogen Cost Reduction: Scaling up Electrolysers to Meet the 1.5°C Climate Goal (December 2020), executive summary.
  2. DerivedCharge per kilogram of H₂ at 100% Faradaic efficiency: Q = (1000 g ÷ 2.01588 g/mol) × 2 × 96,485.33 C/mol = 26.59 kAh/kg. Energy for 10 mV: 0.010 V × 26.59 kAh/kg = 0.266 kWh/kg (DC).
  3. Derived · illustrative0.020 V × 26.59 kAh/kg × 10⁷ kg ÷ 0.97 (rectifier) ≈ 5,483 MWh/yr × €70/MWh. Inputs: 10,000 t/yr H₂, Faradaic efficiency 100%, rectifier efficiency 97%, electricity €70/MWh.
  4. CitedClean Hydrogen Partnership, Clean Hydrogen JU SRIA: technology KPIs, state of the art 2020. Reference definitions vary between technologies. Last verified 26 September 2026.
  5. IllustrativeIndicative breakdown of a PEM water-electrolysis cell at high current density: reversible ≈ 1.23 V, activation ≈ 0.3–0.4 V, ohmic ≈ 0.2–0.3 V, mass transport ≈ 0.05 V, total ≈ 1.8–2.0 V. Not a measurement of any product.
  6. RenderThe stack and the molecular scene above are generic illustrations modelled for this site. They do not depict any manufacturer's product.